Trends in Violent Crime and Accountability

50-state violent crime data

The national violent crime rate was 14 percent lower in 2025 than in 2019. In 2025, rates of aggravated assault, homicide, rape, and robbery were lower than in 2019.

Trends in violent crime also varied by state. Between 2019 and 2025, violent crime rates decreased in 44 states and the District of Columbia and increased in 6 states.

Between 2019 and 2025, the percentage of violent crimes solved by law enforcement increased in 36 states and the District of Columbia and decreased in 13 states.

Illinois did not report enough data to the FBI on whether crimes were solved to make reliable estimates.

Trends in reported violent crime

In 2025, 328 violent crime incidents per 100,000 residents were reported to police in the United States.

Trends in solved violent crime

In 2025, 47 percent of violent crime incidents reported to police in the United States were solved. The percentage of violent crimes that law enforcement solved fell from 2019 to 2022 and increased in 2025 to its highest level since at least 2015.

Violent crime and solved violent crime by state, 2025

The following tables include violent crime rates and solve rates by state and offense. For more information on violent crime solve rates for each offense by state, visit state-specific pages here.

Orange indicates a solve rate less than the state average across the United States.

Blue indicates a solve rate greater than or equal to the state average across the United States.

Data regarding crime and solve rates come from the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting Program. Violent crime includes homicide, aggravated assault, robbery, and rape. Crime rates are calculated by dividing the number of estimated incidents by the total population for a given geography. Solve rates are the number of reported crimes cleared by arrest or by exceptional means divided by the number of reported crimes. For more information, see the data sources and methodology section below.

Trends in law enforcement resources

State and local expenditures include spending on police, sheriffs, and highway patrols. The charts below also include staffing per 10,000 residents and per 1,000 violent crimes. These factors may show the level of policing a community receives, potentially influencing both crime and solve rates and providing insight into how law enforcement resources impact violent crime.

Overall, state and local spending on law enforcement increased across the United States by 25 percent from 2014 to 2024, adjusting for inflation.

The number of officers per 10,000 residents in jurisdictions across the United States has increased by 5 percent from 2015 to 2025.

The number of officers per 1,000 violent crimes in jurisdictions across the United States has increased by 23 percent from 2015 to 2025.

Homicide solve rates by victim and incident characteristics

The following charts include homicide solve rates by race and ethnicity, gender, age, weapon type, and number of victims. For more information, see the data and methodology sections below.

In the United States, homicide solve rates are highest when the victim is White and are lowest when the victim is Black. Homicide solve rates are highest when the victim is a woman and lowest when the victim is a man. Homicide solve rates are higher for for victims 35 years an dholdre.

Data sources and methodology

Data regarding crime and solve rates come from the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting Program. Counts of reported violent crime between 2015 and 2025 are derived from the Summary Reporting System (SRS) and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). The FBI estimates reported crime for each state from agency-level reports, accounting for agencies that did not report, and publishes these estimates through 2025 on its Crime Data Explorer. Solve rates apply each state’s clearance rate among agencies that reported to the FBI, from the Crime Data Explorer, to the FBI’s state estimates of reported crime.

The FBI stopped SRS data collection after data year 2020 and required law enforcement agencies to use NIBRS to report crime statistics to the FBI. This change decreased the number of agencies that submitted their crime data and thus reduced the reliability of state estimates in 2021. From 2022 through 2024, the FBI allowed agencies who were unable to submit NIBRS data to submit SRS data again. Ninety-six percent of the U.S. population was covered in the 2024 crime data submissions to the FBI, with most states providing close to complete data. However, the population upon which the estimates were derived decreased by over 10 percent in three states: Florida, Mississippi, and Wyoming, so conclusions about crime changes in those states should be interpreted with additional caution.

Crime rates are calculated by dividing the number of estimated incidents by the total population. Population data come from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program.

Solve rates are the number of reported crimes cleared by arrest or by exceptional means divided by the number of reported crimes. A reported crime incident is cleared by exceptional means if a law enforcement agency is unable to arrest or formally charge a person with a crime, but the agency has met the following conditions:

Identified the person who committed the crime
Gathered enough evidence to support an arrest, make a charge, and turn over the person to the court for prosecution
Identified the suspect’s exact location so that the person could be taken into custody immediately
Encountered a circumstance outside the control of law enforcement that prohibits the agency from arresting, charging, and prosecuting the person

Examples of exceptional clearances include the death of the person who committed the crime; the victim’s refusal to cooperate with the prosecution after the person who committed the crime has been identified; or the denial of extradition.

Data regarding law enforcement expenditures were downloaded from the U.S. Census Bureau Annual Survey of State and Local Government Finances. Expenditures include police protection spending by state governments and all local governments in each state, such as counties and municipalities. Expenditures are adjusted for inflation to constant dollars of the most recent year using the Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U), following the Census Bureau’s guidance.

Officer employment analysis is restricted to sworn officers in state and local law enforcement agencies, as of October 31 of each year, and was downloaded from the FBI’s Crime Data Explorer law enforcement employee data. Officers per capita use the population served by agencies that reported employee counts. Officers per violent crime divide that rate by the national violent crime rate from the SRS state estimates.

Data on homicide solve rates and case characteristics come from the FBI’s Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR). The analysis includes murder and nonnegligent manslaughter incidents and excludes manslaughter by negligence. SHR data do not record clearances, so a homicide is counted as solved when the offender’s age, sex, and race are known. Solve rates combine data from 2022 through the most recent year. Data from 2021 are excluded because many large states did not report SHR data during the transition to NIBRS.